Legal status by country

As of July 2023, authorized psychiatrists can prescribe MDMA for treatment of PTSD through the TGA Authorized Prescriber scheme.

Reclassified as medicine for treatment-resistant depression and PTSD when prescribed by authorized psychiatrists

Psilocybin mushrooms are illegal, but spores are legal to possess as they don't contain psilocybin.

Legal status ambiguous, traditional use may be tolerated

Religious use of ayahuasca is permitted under CONAD Resolution No. 1 of 2010, which restricts use to religious ritual, bans sale, asks entities to avoid tourist packages and does not recognise therapeutic use outside a religious context. Paid retreats for visitors sit in a legal grey area.

Ayahuasca, which contains DMT, is permitted for religious ritual under CONAD Resolution No. 1 of 2010; sale, tourist packages and therapeutic use outside a religious context are not recognised. DMT in other forms remains controlled.

Not a controlled substance. Ibogaine clinics operate legally and are growing in number, often catering to international patients seeking addiction treatment.

Psilocybin is not explicitly listed as a controlled substance. Fresh mushrooms are generally tolerated. Dried/processed mushrooms may fall under analog laws.

No laws exist prohibiting the sale or possession of psilocybin mushrooms.

Listed under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.

Schedule I narcotic under CDSA but available as a licensed medical product. Used medically as anesthetic and for treatment-resistant depression.

Schedule I controlled substance. Some research exemptions granted.

Mescaline is controlled under Schedule III, but peyote cactus itself is explicitly exempt from the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. Peyote is legal to grow, possess, and consume.

Available through Health Canada's Special Access Program for end-of-life care and treatment-resistant conditions.

Traditional indigenous use is constitutionally protected. Ayahuasca (yage) ceremonies are legally conducted throughout the country.

Personal dose of psychedelic mushrooms is not penalized under Colombian law. Traditional indigenous use is constitutionally protected.

Tolerated, not authorised. Law 8204 controls DMT but does not name ayahuasca or its plants. On 27 January 2025 the Ministry of Health warned that ayahuasca products have no sanitary registration and are not authorised for therapeutic use, and advised against advertising them. There is no licensing regime for retreats.

Not authorised. On 27 January 2025 the Ministry of Health warned that ibogaine and ayahuasca products have no sanitary registration and are not authorised for therapeutic use, and advised against advertising them.

Possession of small amounts (up to 5 tabs) is decriminalized and treated as a civil offense.

Pending legislation for broader therapeutic access, currently restricted to research

Controlled substance with research exemptions under consideration

Traditional use protected, legal for cultural and religious practices

Strictly illegal, though research is beginning to be permitted again.

Controlled substance, but research exemptions available

Psilocybin and psilocin are controlled substances. Possession for personal use is an administrative offense (not criminal) but still illegal.

Psilocybin mushrooms are not listed in the Dangerous Drugs Act: unscheduled and unregulated, with no licensing regime. In 2021 the Agriculture Minister said it is legal to grow them; in August 2024 the Ministry of Health said it has not approved any psilocybin product.

Legal for traditional and therapeutic use, retreat centers operating legally

Ibogaine is not listed in the narcotic or psychotropic schedules of the Ley General de Salud (articles 234 and 245), and no ibogaine-specific regulation exists. It is unregulated, not approved; no official standard sets safety protocols such as cardiac monitoring.

Traditional ceremonial use by indigenous communities (particularly Huichol/Wixaritari people) is legally protected. The peyote pilgrimage to Wirikuta is a UNESCO-recognized cultural heritage practice.

Legal only for indigenous Huichol people for religious ceremonies.

Traditional/ceremonial use of psilocybin mushrooms by indigenous communities is protected under law. Personal possession of small amounts (up to 0.5g dried) is decriminalized.

Ambiguous legal status, enforcement varies

Legal status ambiguous, some therapeutic use occurring

Legal for therapeutic use and available through specialized treatment centers

Fresh psilocybin truffles (sclerotia) are not covered by the Opium Act, as the Health Minister confirmed in 2011. Psilocybin mushrooms, fresh or dried, have been on Opium Act List II since 1 December 2008, and the Jellinek addiction service says dried truffles are treated as prohibited.

Available by prescription for addiction treatment

Approved for therapeutic use in treating depression under medical supervision

Controlled substance, limited research exemptions available

Traditional knowledge and uses of ayahuasca by native Amazonian communities were declared Cultural Heritage of the Nation in 2008. The declaration protects traditional use and does not license retreats; no authority inspects retreat centres.

No specific legislation targeting psilocybin mushrooms. Traditional use of plant medicines is culturally accepted and generally tolerated.

Personal use decriminalized as part of broader drug policy reform

Decriminalized for personal use since 2001 along with all other drugs. Possession of up to 10 individual doses is not criminal.

Personal use decriminalized since 2001. Focus on treatment rather than punishment.

Psilocybin mushrooms grow wild and are not specifically outlawed.

Emerging regulatory framework for psychedelic research and potential therapeutic use

Decriminalized for personal use and cultivation in private spaces. Cannabis club model sometimes extends to mushrooms.

Authorized for limited medical use in psychotherapy under strict supervision.

Available for compassionate use and specialized therapeutic programs

Classified as a Category 5 narcotic, with strict penalties.

Class B controlled substance (upgraded from C in 2014). Licensed for medical use as an anesthetic. Off-label use for depression growing.

Class A drug, with severe penalties for possession and distribution.

Class A drug under Misuse of Drugs Act. Research licenses available for clinical studies.

DMT (the active compound) is Schedule I. However, two Brazilian ayahuasca churches (UDV and Santo Daime) have won legal exemptions for religious use through Supreme Court and lower court decisions.

Schedule I federally. Ayahuasca has religious exemption for specific churches.

Schedule I controlled substance since 1970. Despite promising research for opioid addiction treatment, no medical use is recognized.

Legal for medical use, particularly for depression, through licensed clinics.

Schedule I controlled substance since 1970. Among the most strictly controlled substances with no accepted medical use under federal law.

Schedule I since 1985. However, MDMA-assisted therapy has been in advanced FDA clinical trials for PTSD treatment.

Schedule I controlled substance. However, the American Indian Religious Freedom Act (1994) provides a specific exemption for Native American Church (NAC) members to use peyote in bona fide religious ceremonies.

Licensed psilocybin services under ORS 475A (Measure 109), regulated by the Oregon Health Authority, for adults 21 and over. Psilocybin may be used only at a licensed service centre with a facilitator; there is no take-home or retail sale. It remains Schedule I under federal law.

Licensed natural medicine healing centres under the Natural Medicine Health Act (Proposition 122, 2022) as amended by SB23-290, for adults 21 and over. Natural medicine means psilocybin and psilocyn; peyote is excluded by statute. It remains Schedule I under federal law.

Decriminalized in several cities including Oakland, Santa Cruz, and San Francisco.

Schedule I federally, but several cities and states have decriminalized. Oregon has legalized therapeutic use.

Legal framework being developed for research and potential therapeutic use