Dissociative
2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone
No traditional use - modern pharmaceutical.
At a glance
Reported effects
Legal status
Prescription medication, but also controlled substance for non-medical use.
Research
FDA approved for treatment-resistant depression. Ongoing research for various mental health conditions.
Anand A, et al. · New England Journal of Medicine · 2023
Open-label RCT in 403 patients: IV ketamine was noninferior to ECT for treatment-resistant depression (55% vs 41% response).
What the study foundGrabski M, et al. · American Journal of Psychiatry · 2022
Phase 2 RCT in 96 people with severe alcohol use disorder: ketamine infusions led to more abstinent days at 6 months; relapse rates did not differ.
What the study foundPopova V, et al. · American Journal of Psychiatry · 2019
Phase 3 trial in 227 adults with treatment-resistant depression: esketamine spray plus a new antidepressant beat the antidepressant alone at 28 days.
What the study foundDaly EJ, et al. · JAMA Psychiatry · 2019
Phase 3 withdrawal trial: people with treatment-resistant depression who kept using esketamine relapsed about half as often as those switched to placebo.
What the study foundGrunebaum MF, et al. · American Journal of Psychiatry · 2018
RCT in 80 depressed adults with suicidal thoughts: one ketamine infusion cut suicidal ideation more than midazolam within 24 hours.
What the study foundZarate CA, et al. · Archives of General Psychiatry · 2006
Crossover trial in 18 people with treatment-resistant depression: one ketamine infusion lifted mood within hours, but effects faded for most within a week.
What the study foundBerman RM, et al. · Biological Psychiatry · 2000
First placebo-controlled trial of ketamine for depression: in 7 patients, one infusion cut depression scores within 72 hours.
What the study foundThe dispatch
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